Date of Award

Spring 3-14-2025

Embargo Period

7-1-2025

Document Type

Dissertation

Degree Name

Doctor of Health Administration

Department

Health Administration

College

College of Health Professions

First Advisor

Dunc Williams, Jr.

Second Advisor

Kit Simpson

Third Advisor

Larry Leaming

Abstract

Administrative and general (A&G) expenses in U.S. hospitals represent a growing financial burden, accounting for 15%–30% of healthcare expenditures. Despite this impact, A&G trends remain underexamined, particularly between rural and urban hospitals. This study used Medicare Cost Report data from over 4,400 short-term acute care hospitals from 2011 to 2022, combined with qualitative interviews with hospital executives, to assess rural-urban differences in A&G expenses. Using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design, rural hospitals were found to consistently spend a higher proportion of total expenses on A&G salaries—18% more than urban hospitals, even after adjusting for hospital and financial characteristics. Although salary-related expenses declined, non-salary A&G costs increased across all hospitals. Interviews revealed that regulatory burdens, payer fragmentation, and staffing inefficiencies were primary cost drivers. Rural hospitals were especially affected due to limited scale and staffing capacity. Policy reforms that simplify compliance requirements and standardize payer processes could help reduce administrative burdens and improve financial sustainability, especially for rural institutions.

Rights

Copyright is held by the author. All rights reserved.

Available for download on Tuesday, July 01, 2025

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